Gukuramo ni uburyo bwo gukora burimo kunyuza ibintu mu rupfu kugirango ukore ikintu gifite umwirondoro uhamye. Ikoranabuhanga rikoreshwa mu nganda nyinshi zirimo plastiki, ibyuma, ibiryo na farumasi. Imashini zikoreshwa mugikorwa cyo gukuramo zakozwe muburyo bwihariye kugirango zuzuze ibisabwa byihariye byibikoresho bisohoka kugirango habeho gukora neza kandi neza. Muri iyi ngingo, tuzareba ubwoko butandukanye bwimashini zikoreshwa mugikorwa cyo gukuramo, ibiyigize, nuburyo zikora.
1. Extruder imwe
Imashini imwe ya screw ni ubwoko busanzwe bwa extruder. Igizwe na screw ya rotike izunguruka muri barrique. Ibikoresho bigaburirwa muri hopper aho bishyuha kandi bigashonga uko bigenda bikurikirana. Igishushanyo cya screw ituma ibikoresho bivangwa, gushonga no kuvomerwa mumutwe wapfuye. Extruders imwe ya screw irahuzagurika cyane kandi irashobora gukoreshwa mubikoresho byinshi, birimo thermoplastique hamwe na thermosets.
2. Impanga zidasanzwe
Twin-screw extruders ifite ibice bibiri byuzuzanya bizunguruka muburyo bumwe cyangwa butandukanye. Igishushanyo cyemerera kuvanga neza no gufatanya kandi nibyiza kubisabwa bisaba urwego rwo hejuru rwabahuje ibitsina. Twin-screw extruders ikoreshwa mugukora ibiryo, imiti nibikoresho bya polymer bigezweho. Twin-screw extruders irashobora kandi gutunganya ibintu byinshi, harimo nibikoresho byangiza ubushyuhe.
3. Extruder
Plunger extruders, izwi kandi nka piston extruders, bakoresha plunger isubiranamo kugirango basunike ibikoresho bapfuye. Ubu bwoko bwa extruder busanzwe bukoreshwa mubikoresho bigoye gutunganyirizwa hamwe na screw extruders, nka ceramics hamwe nicyuma. Plunger extruders irashobora kugera kumuvuduko mwinshi cyane kandi irakwiriye kubisabwa bisaba ubucucike bwinshi nimbaraga zidasanzwe.
4. Impapuro zisohora
Impapuro zisohora ni imashini zihariye zo gukora amabati meza. Mubisanzwe bakoresha ikomatanya rya extruder imwe cyangwa impanga hamwe nimpfu kugirango bakure ibikoresho mumpapuro. Urupapuro rwasohotse rushobora gukonjeshwa no kugabanywa mubunini bukwiranye na porogaramu zitandukanye, zirimo gupakira, ubwubatsi n'ibice by'imodoka.
5.ibisumizi bya firime
Blown film extruder ninzira yihariye ikoreshwa mugukora firime ya plastike. Muri ubu buryo, plastiki yashongeshejwe ikurwa mu rupfu ruzenguruka hanyuma ikaguka ikabyimba. Ibibyimba birakonje kandi bigabanuka kugirango bikore firime. Ibisumizi bya firime bikoreshwa cyane mubikorwa byo gupakira kugirango bikore imifuka, impapuro zipfunyika nibindi bikoresho byoroshye.
Reka twereke isosiyete yacuLQ 55 Imashini ebyiri-gufatanya gukuramo imashini itanga imashini (Ubugari bwa firime 800MM)
Extruder igizwe nibice byinshi byingenzi bikorana kugirango tumenye neza ibikoresho:
Hopper: Hopper niho ibikoresho bibisi byinjizwa mumashini. Yashizweho kugirango igaburire ibikoresho bibisi ubudahwema muri extruder.
Umuyoboro: Umuyoboro ni umutima wa extruder. Irashinzwe gutanga, gushonga no kuvanga ibikoresho bibisi uko inyura muri barriel.
Barrale: Barrale nigishishwa cya silindrike kirimo screw. Barrale irimo ibintu byo gushyushya byo gushonga ibikoresho kandi birashobora kuba birimo ahantu hakonje kugirango hagenzurwe ubushyuhe.
Gupfa: Gupfa nikintu kibumba ibintu byakuwe muburyo bwifuzwa. Urupfu rushobora guhindurwa kugirango habeho imiterere itandukanye yibikoresho nka pipe, urupapuro cyangwa firime.
Sisitemu yo gukonjesha: Ibikoresho bimaze kuva mu rupfu, mubisanzwe bigomba gukonjeshwa kugirango bigumane imiterere yabyo. Sisitemu yo gukonjesha irashobora gushiramo ubwogero bwamazi, gukonjesha ikirere, cyangwa gukonjesha, bitewe nibisabwa.
Sisitemu yo Gukata: Mubisabwa bimwe, ibikoresho byakuweho birashobora gukenera kugabanywa kuburebure bwihariye. Sisitemu yo gukata irashobora kwinjizwa mumurongo wo gukuramo kugirango uhindure iki gikorwa.
Igikorwa cyo gukuramo gitangirana no gupakira ibikoresho bibisi muri hopper. Ibikoresho bibisi noneho bigaburirwa muri barrale aho bishyushye kandi bigashonga uko bigenda bikurikirana. Imashini yagenewe kuvanga neza ibikoresho fatizo no kuyipompa mu rupfu. Ibikoresho bimaze kugera ku rupfu, birahatirwa kunyura kugirango bikore ishusho yifuzwa.
Nyuma ya extrudate isize ipfa, irakonja kandi igakomera. Ukurikije ubwoko bwa extruder nibikoresho byakoreshejwe, izindi ntambwe zirashobora gukenerwa gukorwa, nko gukata, guhinduranya cyangwa gutunganya ibindi.
Extrusion ninzira yingenzi yinganda zishingiye kubikoresho kabuhariwe kugirango bitange ibicuruzwa bitandukanye. Kuva kumashanyarazi imwe hamwe na twin-screw kugeza kuri plunger extruders hamwe na mashini za firime zavuzwe, buri bwoko bwa extruder bufite intego yihariye muruganda. Gusobanukirwa ibice nimirimo yizi mashini ningirakamaro mugutezimbere uburyo bwo gukuramo no kugera kubisubizo byiza. Mugihe ikoranabuhanga rikomeje gutera imbere, inganda ziva mu mahanga zishobora kubona andi mashya azamura imikorere kandi akagura uburyo bwo gutunganya ibikoresho.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-02-2024